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Matt “Kush” Kusher outside his KUSH restaurant in Miami on April 29. Kusher and other restaurant owners are struggling after being denied funds from the first Payment Protection Program and need help from a second launch to keep their business open. Charles Trainor Jr./Miami Herald/Tribune News Service/Getty Images
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Months after Congress created the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in an attempt to support small businesses during the Covid-19 pandemic, people are still confused and even angry about the ambitious and unprecedented experiment.
Ppp Loan Forgiveness Checklist
See what happened to Mark Fisher Fitness (MFF), an LGBTQ-focused boutique fitness studio based in New York City. As he obtained a loan from the PPP in April, he was able to rehire the 28 employees he dismissed in March, when the coronavirus crisis took hold and his units closed. But for the loan to be forgivable, MFF had to spend the money within two months, mostly on payroll.
“It gave us the ability to retain the entire team for an eight-week period and maintain that sense of community and continue our great unicorn experiment to bring health and warmth to the masses,” said Andrew Cole, director of human resources at MFF .
But the extension offered by the PPP loan did not last long. While MFF has returned to online classes for the foreseeable future, it has once again had to lay off most of its staff and is closing one of its two locations permanently.
Still, compared to other small companies that applied for the PPP, it was lucky to get a loan. Many small business owners — particularly minority-owned businesses — say they’ve been denied loans for even a few thousand dollars, while larger companies like the Los Angeles Lakers and Shake Shack have been denied millions in loans. (Facing public backlash, several of these big companies ended up paying back the money.) Others say the loan amounts they received were too small to help. And the lack of transparency with the program has fueled misconceptions about what the PPP was supposed to accomplish in the first place.
How The Paycheck Protection Loans Work
The controversy surrounding the PPP, which supports companies with 500 employees or fewer, has a lot to do with a disconnect between the program’s design and the way Americans think about business. The real purpose of the PPP was to keep American workers on the payroll, not simply to keep small businesses afloat. And so most of the money was disbursed to companies with more employees, rather than small companies with small staffs. That’s why a program widely perceived as designed to boost America’s most vulnerable small businesses ended up prioritizing companies that aren’t that small after all.
With the program coming to an end – the last day of applications has been extended from June 30 to August 8 – and it is unclear whether there will be another round of loans, Recode examined the successes and failures of the PPP, as well as the reason for the closure of the program. program for being so controversial.
In May, progressive pollster Data for Progress conducted a poll on behalf of Recode in an effort to gauge public perception of the PPP and how Americans feel about it. He polled 1,235 likely voters online.
The poll revealed some dissonance in how Americans think about small business and who deserves help and who doesn’t. When asked if all companies should get help keeping employees paid, 70% of respondents said yes. But when asked whether support should be limited to companies with 500 employees, 76% said yes. And when asked whether the NBA team Los Angeles Lakers, which took out a loan and returned it after public outcry, should have repaid the money, 75 percent said it was the right thing to do.
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When asked what the purpose of federal assistance to businesses should be, 58% of respondents said it should be to keep workers paid, while 24% said it should be to keep businesses running – and that explains, at least in part, why the program has attracted controversy. It wasn’t possible for many companies to achieve these two goals at the same time, so they didn’t get what they needed to really survive the pandemic, especially sole proprietorships or small-staff businesses. Yes, covering paychecks is important. The same goes for paying utilities and rent.
“The project was to help companies finance their payroll. You can step back and say, ‘Wow, is this the design we wanted to have?'” said Michael Minnis, professor of accounting at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. “It wasn’t called a small business protection program or a microenterprise protection program. Companies in the 100-500 employee range have more payroll dollars than companies in the less than 100 employee range. That’s just math.
According to a June report by the Small Business Administration (SBA), the average PPP loan size is $107,000, and the government claims the program has supported 51 million jobs and up to 84% of all people employed by small businesses. companies.
All of this adds some nuance to the controversies about big companies getting loans. If the purpose of PPP loans is to keep people employed, then what does it matter how many employees a company receiving the loan has?
How To Get Your Ppp Loan Forgiven
Minnis pointed out that when criticizing larger companies for taking out loans, it’s important to recognize the counterfactual. What if, after the Lakers returned the money, they immediately laid off all of their concession workers? (That didn’t actually happen.) Or take the case of auto retailer AutoNation. The company laid off 7,000 workers in early April. She applied to the program and received a $77 million loan, which she said she would use to rehire those workers. But in the midst of controversy, he ended up returning the loan.
At the start of the program, companies had to spend 75% of loans on payroll within eight weeks for them to be forgivable. Amid feedback from the business community that they have other expenses and the crisis lasts more than eight weeks, Congress changed the borrowing parameters in mid-June to require 60% to be spent on payroll in 24 weeks.
But for many companies, it was too little, too late. “The problem is these companies are in the sixth or seventh week of their loans, so they’ve used up 80% of the money available and they’re paying people who don’t work for them,” said Daniel Rafeedie, CEO of payroll firm PaySteady.
That’s what happened with Mark Fisher Fitness. “I’m extremely happy for other small businesses that have the ability to let that money last longer, but it hurt a little bit,” Cole said.
Options For Small Business Loans Beyond Ppp
And just because a company got a loan doesn’t mean it was enough even to cover its payroll. Emilie Aries, founder of Denver-based training services company Bossed Up, had only her salary on her 2019 payroll, which was used to calculate her PPP loan amount. She didn’t factor in the two new employees she hired this year, so she only got $9,000. “I feel like we’ve fallen into a gap,” she said. “I hired my employees on January 1st and March 1st, and the purpose of that program is to protect employees, right? You didn’t do it for me.”
She ended up taking a 50% pay cut and using her existing line of credit with the bank to take out another loan to stay afloat. “We were able to successfully pivot,” she said, “but I still have $15,000 in debt that I wouldn’t have had.”
For some companies, even if the PPP only offered a small loan, it still helped to keep their business running. Caleb Benoit, who runs Connect Roasters, a small coffee company in Illinois, had a relatively easy time getting a PPP loan from his small local bank. He only got $2,500, and while that doesn’t make a huge difference in his ability to stay afloat, he finds it a useful boost as he reorganizes his business. “The truth is that we are doing well financially; we will make it, ”he said. “We’re still small and pretty skinny, we don’t have a lot of overhead, so we’re better prepared to weather the storm.”
The PPP was designed to work within the current US economic system – a system that is already out of balance and accumulating advantages against smaller and minority competitors. And so the PPP replicated those same flaws.
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KB Brown runs Wolfpack Promotionals, one of only two Black-owned printers in Minnesota. He estimates that business is down more than 90% since the start of the pandemic and he has had to lay off all of his employees, so now only he and his wife are running the Minneapolis-based business. The only requests they are receiving are related to George Floyd
